![]() ![]() ![]() Whether these systemic actions are intended or not, they are critically important considerations in the review of a compounded topical preparation's safety and effectiveness profile.ĭespite their many benefits, all pain medications-including U.S. However, distal responses to topical applications may also occur ( Glinn et al., 2017 Leppert et al., 2018). In theory, topical APIs intended to treat local or regional pain act on nerves in the skin or in underlying muscles or joints by blocking nerve signals, reducing inflammation, relaxing muscle spasms, or increasing the effects of other substances ( Cline and Turrentine, 2016 Leppert et al., 2018). First, the API should have a mechanism of action to treat pain, and second, the topical formulation must deliver the API to the site of action in an amount that is sufficient to achieve an effect but is also appropriate to be safe. The safety and effectiveness of each active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a compounded topical pain cream depends on two factors. ![]()
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